The research time span covered by the report is from 2019 to 2030; it provides an overview of the Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market and also provides a deeper in-depth segmentation of the market by regions, product type and downstream industries.
The global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market size in 2023 is 846.9 million US dollars, and it is expected to be 1175.9 million US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 4.8% expected in 2024-2030.
MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:
The main players in the Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market include Bausch Health Companies Inc, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited, Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC, AbbVie, Inc., and Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.). The share of the top 3 players in the Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market is XX%.
REGION SHARE:
The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for XX%, Europe accounted for XX% of Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market, and Asia Pacific accounted for XX%.
SEGMENT OVERVIEW:
The report segments the market by Type and Application. Corticosteroids accounted for XX% of Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market in 2023. Calcineurin Inhibitor share of XX%.
Drug Store & Retail Pharmacies accounted for XX% of the Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market in 2023. Hospital Pharmacies accounts for XX%.
For competitive landscape, prominent players with considerable market shares are comprehensively analyzed in this report. With information regarding the concentration ratio and detailed data reflecting the market performance of each player shared, the readers can acquire a holistic view of the competitive situation and a better understanding of their competitors.
As the COVID-19 takes over the world, we are continuously tracking the changes in the markets. We analyzed the impact of the pandemic in detail, along with other key factors, such as macro-economy, regional conflicts, industry related news and policies. Meanwhile, market investment scenario, technology status and developments, supply chain challenges, among other essential research elements are all covered.
Key Factors Considered:
COVID-19
The report describes the market scenario during and post the pandemic in the vision of upstream, major market participants, downstream major customers, etc. Other aspects, such as changes in consumer behavior, demand, transport capacity, trade flow under COVID-19, have also been taken into consideration during the process of the research.
Regional Conflict / Russia-Ukraine War
The report also presents the impact of regional conflict on this market in an effort to aid the readers to understand how the market has been adversely influenced and how it”s going to evolve in the years to come.
Challenges & Opportunities
Factors that may help create opportunities and boost profits for market players, as well as challenges that may restrain or even pose a threat to the development of the players, are revealed in the report, which can shed a light on strategic decisions and implementation.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the product overview, market scope, product classification, application, and regional division, and then includes inflation analysis, the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on the market, and the global impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Chapter 2: Analysis of the competitive environment of Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market participants. This mainly includes the revenue and market share of the top players, along with the players” M&A and expansion in recent years.
Chapter 3: Analyzes the main companies in the Pigmentation Disorder Treatment industry, including their main businesses, products/services, revenue, gross margin, and the latest developments.
Chapters 4-6: Segmented the global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market by type, application and region. Analyze the revenue of market segments from different perspectives.
Chapters 7-10: Provide Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific and Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market type, application and country market segmentation data.
Chapter 11: Introduces the market dynamics, the trends factors and drivers factors of the market, and the challenges and restraints faced by manufacturers in the industry.
Chapters 12-14: Provide detailed Pigmentation Disorder Treatment market forecast data, broken down by type, application, and region to help understand future growth trends.
Chapter 15: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Chapter 16: Concludes with an explanation of the data sources and research methods.
Highlights-Regions
Americas
United States
Canada
Brazil
Argentina
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
MEA
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Turkey
Player list
Bausch Health Companies Inc
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited
Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC
AbbVie, Inc.
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.)
Incyte Corporation
Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.
Galderma S.A.
Viatris, Inc. (Mylan N.V.)
Pfizer, Inc.
Types list
Corticosteroids
Calcineurin Inhibitor
Others
Application list
Drug Store & Retail Pharmacies
Hospital Pharmacies
Online Pharmacies
Table of Content
1 Study Coverage
1.1 Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Product Introduction
1.2 Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.4 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market by Region
1.4.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
1.4.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
1.7 Inflation Analysis
1.8 The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
1.9 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact on Global
2 Competition by Players
2.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Players
2.1.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
2.1.3 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Companies by Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue in 2024
2.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Gross Margin by Players
2.3 Analysis of Competitive Landscape
2.3.1 Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
2.3.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Players Geographical Distribution
2.4 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
3 Company Overview
3.1 Bausch Health Companies Inc
3.1.1 Bausch Health Companies Inc Information
3.1.2 Bausch Health Companies Inc Overview
3.1.3 Bausch Health Companies Inc Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.1.4 Bausch Health Companies Inc Related Developments
3.2 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited
3.2.1 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Information
3.2.2 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Overview
3.2.3 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.2.4 Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Related Developments
3.3 Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC
3.3.1 Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC Information
3.3.2 Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC Overview
3.3.3 Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.3.4 Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC Related Developments
3.4 AbbVie, Inc.
3.4.1 AbbVie, Inc. Information
3.4.2 AbbVie, Inc. Overview
3.4.3 AbbVie, Inc. Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.4.4 AbbVie, Inc. Related Developments
3.5 Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.)
3.5.1 Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.) Information
3.5.2 Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.) Overview
3.5.3 Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.) Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.5.4 Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.) Related Developments
3.6 Incyte Corporation
3.6.1 Incyte Corporation Information
3.6.2 Incyte Corporation Overview
3.6.3 Incyte Corporation Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.6.4 Incyte Corporation Related Developments
3.7 Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.
3.7.1 Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Information
3.7.2 Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Overview
3.7.3 Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.7.4 Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Related Developments
3.8 Galderma S.A.
3.8.1 Galderma S.A. Information
3.8.2 Galderma S.A. Overview
3.8.3 Galderma S.A. Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.8.4 Galderma S.A. Related Developments
3.9 Viatris, Inc. (Mylan N.V.)
3.9.1 Viatris, Inc. (Mylan N.V.) Information
3.9.2 Viatris, Inc. (Mylan N.V.) Overview
3.9.3 Viatris, Inc. (Mylan N.V.) Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.9.4 Viatris, Inc. (Mylan N.V.) Related Developments
3.10 Pfizer, Inc.
3.10.1 Pfizer, Inc. Information
3.10.2 Pfizer, Inc. Overview
3.10.3 Pfizer, Inc. Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
3.10.4 Pfizer, Inc. Related Developments
4 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Insights
4.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Revenue 2019-2024
4.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Region
4.3 Americas
4.4 Europe
4.5 Asia-Pacific
4.6 Middle East & Africa
5 Market Size by Type
5.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type
5.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size Growth by Type 2019-2024
6 Market Size by Application
6.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application
6.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size Growth by Application 2019-2024
7 Americas
7.1 Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Type
7.1.1 Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
7.1.2 Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
7.2 Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Application
7.2.1 Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
7.2.2 Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
7.3 Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Country
7.3.1 Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Country (2019-2024)
7.3.2 U.S.
7.3.3 Canada
7.3.4 Mexico
7.3.5 Brazil
7.3.6 Argentina
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Type
8.1.1 Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
8.1.2 Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
8.2 Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Application
8.2.1 Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
8.2.2 Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
8.3 Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Country (2019-2024)
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
9 Asia Pacific
9.1 Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Type
9.1.1 Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
9.1.2 Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
9.2 Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Application
9.2.1 Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
9.2.2 Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
9.3 Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
9.3.2 China
9.3.3 Japan
9.3.4 South Korea
9.3.5 India
9.3.6 Southeast Asia
9.3.7 Australia
10 Middle East and Africa
10.1 Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
10.1.2 Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
10.2 Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
10.2.2 Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
10.3 Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size by Country
10.3.1 Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Country (2019-2024)
10.3.2 Turkey
10.3.3 Saudi Arabia
10.3.4 U.A.E
11 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis
11.1 Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Industry Trends
11.2 Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Drivers
11.3 Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Challenges
11.4 Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Restraints
12 Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Market Size by Type
12.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Revenue by Type
12.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Market Size Growth by Type 2024-2030
13 Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Market Size by Application
13.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Revenue by Application
13.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Market Size Growth by Application 2024-2030
14 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Forecasts
14.1 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Revenue Forecasts 2024-2030
14.2 Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasts Revenue by Region
14.3 Americas
14.4 Europe
14.5 Asia-Pacific
14.6 Middle East & Africa
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Methodology and Data Source
16.1 Methodology
16.1.1 Research Process
16.1.2 Market Size Estimation
16.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
16.2 Data Source
16.2.1 Legal Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Picture
Table Product Definition of Pigmentation Disorder Treatment
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market by Region: 2019 VS 2024 VS 2030
Figure Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size & Forecasts 2019-2030
Figure Years Considered
Table Inflation Analysis
Table The Impact of the Russian-Ukrainian War on the Market
Figure (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021
Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Players (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Share by Players (2019-2024)
Figure Top 5 Largest Players of Pigmentation Disorder Treatment in 2024
Figure Top 10 Largest Players of Pigmentation Disorder Treatment in 2024
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Gross Margin by Players
Table Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Players Geographical Distribution
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Company Profiles
Table Bausch Health Companies Inc Overview
Table Bausch Health Companies Inc Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Bausch Health Companies Inc Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Overview
Table Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC Overview
Table Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Obagi Cosmeceuticals LLC Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table AbbVie, Inc. Overview
Table AbbVie, Inc. Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table AbbVie, Inc. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.) Overview
Table Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.) Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Dermavant Sciences, Inc. (Roivant Sciences Ltd.) Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Incyte Corporation Overview
Table Incyte Corporation Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Incyte Corporation Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Overview
Table Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Dr.Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Galderma S.A. Overview
Table Galderma S.A. Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Galderma S.A. Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Viatris, Inc. (Mylan N.V.) Overview
Table Viatris, Inc. (Mylan N.V.) Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Viatris, Inc. (Mylan N.V.) Related Developments
Table Company Profiles
Table Pfizer, Inc. Overview
Table Pfizer, Inc. Revenue, Gross, Gross Margin 2019-2024
Table Pfizer, Inc. Related Developments
Figure Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Revenue 2019-2024
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Region (2019-2024)
Figure Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue (2019-2024)
Figure Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue (2019-2024)
Figure Asia-Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue (2019-2024)
Figure Middle East & Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
Table Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Country (2019-2024)
Table Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Country (2019-2024)
Figure United States Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Canada Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Mexico Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Brazil Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Argentina Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Table Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
Table Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Country (2019-2024)
Table Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Country (2019-2024)
Figure Germany Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure France Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure U.K. Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Italy Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Russia Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Table Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
Table Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
Table Asia Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Region (2019-2024)
Figure China Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Japan Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure South Korea Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure India Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Southeast Asia Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Australia Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Table Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
Table Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue by Country (2019-2024)
Table Middle East and Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Share by Country (2019-2024)
Figure Turkey Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure Saudi Arabia Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Figure U.A.E Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Revenue Market Size (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Revenue Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasted Revenue Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Market Revenue Forecasts 2024-2030
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasts Revenue by Region (2024-2030)
Table Global Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasts Revenue Share by Region (2024-2030)
Figure Americas Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasts Revenue and Growth (2024-2030)
Figure Europe Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasts Revenue and Growth (2024-2030)
Figure Asia-Pacific Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasts Revenue and Growth (2024-2030)
Figure Middle East & Africa Pigmentation Disorder Treatment Forecasts Revenue and Growth (2024-2030)
Table Research Process
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report